Coexistence of Equality and Inequality under the Social...

Political theories abound, considering many parts of society and the body politic. John Locke was one of the first to expound on the origins of property, and sixty-six years later Jean-Jacques Rousseau would also address the issues of property and inequality. According to Locke and Rousseau, the social contract is sanctioned by formal equalities yet creates or gives way to inequalities after it is formed. Though Locke would argue that inequalities in the private sphere don’t fall under the jurisdiction of the government, Rousseau would say justice gets deformed through inequality. Understanding how both equality and inequality can be present under the terms of the social contract is important because we cannot understand how to†¦show more content†¦Since everything was owned in common at first, Locke argues that individuals appropriate property when they add their labor to something owned in common and therefore improve it. Locke would also say that you donâ€⠄¢t just get to take as much as you want, but that there must be as much of and as good of left for others. Locke also defines the public and private sphere(how/what is he defining it through? Through him talking about slavery etc paragraph 85, 89 ). Political relationships are made between equal men, and these relationships (civil society) cannot be dissolved. The establishment of civil society established equality among men because each had to agree to it. Each man equally gives up some rights, and equally receives the same protection from the sovereign. The civil society, as an entity, makes a contract with the sovereign and in so doing, resigns the power to judge in their own case to the sovereign. According to Locke, the whole point of civil society was to ensure that each had their own property so that there was prosperity. For Rousseau, the first sign of inequality is when people begin to be more highly regarded based on overall physical appearance and ability; from th ese first preferences, vanity, contempt, shame, and envy were born. As soon as one man realized it was beneficial to have the assistance of another, equality disappeared, property came intoShow MoreRelatedRousseau’s Nonexistent Co-existing State1618 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ‘le volante general’, meaning the general will, in his book The Social Contract. There are certain problems with his theory such as, citizens will not be in similar situations, and so if the law was decided on, it will have different impacts on different people, leaving the minority at a disadvantage. Although citizens can help to set the general will they might not be moved to follow it, leading to an imbalance in equality. The will of the rulers can be general will as long as the sovereignRead MoreQuestions On Encountering State And Citizenship3065 Words   |  13 Pagesand exercises impersonal authority on the basis of the assumption that it represents the permanent interests of soci ety rather than the partisan sympathies of any group of politicians. Concepts that we study in political theory - rights, democracy, equality, liberty - are based on the relationship between state and those living within it. For this reason we need to be familiar with the idea and functions of the state. State’ relatively centralized, differentiated organizations the officials of whichRead MoreYasuni Itt7226 Words   |  29 Pages This proposal has been publicly known as the â€Å"society of good living† or â€Å"sumak kawsay†. It is a new model, which stemmed, in the case of Ecuador, from a constitutional dynamic which resulted in the establishment of a novel collective pact of coexistence. That is, it led to the development and popular approval of a new Constitution in 2008. 1 National Secretary for Higher Education, Science, Technology, and Innovation and Chair of Ecuador ÃŒ s Council on Higher Education. He was National SecretaryRead MoreThe Microsoft Antitrust Case11234 Words   |  45 Pageslawsuits. The 1994 investigation 2 by the United States Department of Justice (â€Å"DOJ†) was terminated with a consent decree in 1995. 3 The key provisions of the 1995 consent decree were: 1. Microsoft agreed to end â€Å"per-processor† (zero marginal price) contracts with computer manufacturers (Original Equipment Manufacturers, â€Å"OEMs†) but it was allowed to use unrestricted quantity discounts. 2. â€Å"Microsoft shall not enter into any License Agreement in which the terms of that agreement are expressly or impliedlyRead MoreAdidas - Market Entry in Indonesia5422 Words   |  22 Pagesassociations. At the beginning of the 21st century Indonesia faced economic progress difficulties due to an imbalanced allocation of resources among the regions, high unemployment, prevalent corruption, the lack of reliable legal systems in case of a contract dispute, a decentralized decision-making system and acts of terrorism. However, within five years, Indonesia managed to decrease its unemployment rate from 12 percent in 2005 to 7,14 percent in 2010 and therefore increased the standard of livingRead MoreThe Importance Of Nonverbal Communication6466 Words   |  26 Pagesdid not replace Shinto because the Japanese people recognized the existence of both religions. As previous stated this led to the Japanese society uniting some of the teachings between both religions and why Buddhism started favoring harmonious coexistence with indigenous beliefs in recent centuries. However, now â€Å"Buddhism constitutes one of the most venerable features of Japanese society today† (Hardacre, 2004, p .390). In today’s society, Buddhism refers to the respect the Japanese people have inRead MoreEssay on Digital Media and Society5371 Words   |  22 Pagesconstructed† However, Others see technology as the social and technological context of our time What technoculture means â€Å"computer mediated communication fundamentally shifts the registers of human experience as we have known them in modern society†¦ time and space, body and mind, subject and object, human and machine are each dramatically transformed by practices carried out on networked computers.† Week two – Influences of Technological and Social change â€Å"Orientating† to digital media New mediaRead MoreChina in Africa Essay20116 Words   |  81 PagesBeyene Property rights Kjell Havnevik Tor A. Benjaminsen Espen Sjaastad inequality and climate change contents to our reAders AfricAn Agriculture 1 3 november 2007 Carin Norberg African agriculture and the World Bank: development or impoverishment? Atakilte Beyene 5 8 Property rights formalisation in Africa Tor A. Benjaminsen Espen Sjaastad the relationship between inequality and climate change Kjell Havnevik commentAries intervieW 11 14 decoding theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesperspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National StandardRead MoreTrade Openness and Economic Growth in Nigeria23422 Words   |  94 Pages but also their integration into the borderless and interlinked global economy. (NEEDS, 2005). Since 1950, the world economy has experienced a massive liberalization of world trade, initially under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and trade (GATT), established in 1947, and currently under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which replaced the GATT in 1993. Tariff levels in both developed and developing countries have reduced drastically, averaging approximately 4%

Waiting for the phone call Free Essays

The room is stuffy. It has a gaudy lino floor with pattern rubbed away in front of the sofa and round the table; the walls are damp and cluttered with old calendars and pictures torn from magazines. There is a rotten stench. We will write a custom essay sample on Waiting for the phone call or any similar topic only for you Order Now The mantelpiece by the fireplace is filled with china ornaments: big-eyed flop-eared rabbits and beribboned kittens and flowery milkmaids and a porcelain doll wearing a Victorian dress and her long, golden hair in two neat plaits. The room is silent; except for the steady paced ‘tick-tock’ from the ancient Grand-father clock. It is Dorothy’s birthday, 12th August. She is hunched up on her old tacky sofa on an early August morning. Dorothy is startled by birdsong echoing across the garden outside and, for a long time, she stares in confused remembrance towards where the swelling orange sun is burning the faded floral wallpaper across from her old-fashioned table. ‘It’s my birthday,’ she finally realises. ‘I’m seventy-six today. Where did it go?’ Climbing painfully from a lumpy sofa, standing in a striped night dress by the window, Dorothy stares outside in her back garden. There’s much too be done. Later. Much later. These days it’s all weed killing, backache and sore bones. ‘It’s my birthday.’ Dorothy’s cat slithers past a glass sharp wall and drops beside its shadow under an apple tree, stalking anxious sparrows. Under the broken birdhouse a mouse plays with a nibble of yesterday’s bread. Shadows shrink in bright shyness against all the garden fences and the last star melts into dawn rise. There’s heat in the breathless August day already. Dorothy sits in her kitchen. Silent. The house, holding its breath around her, the roof heavy and oven baked. Dorothy’s thick veined hands brush toast crumbs from the plastic tabletop and when she moves her faded dainty feet dust dances giddily on the sun patched carpet. She listens to the awakening of the new day: the clock on the dresser ticks hurriedly and the letter box snaps awake. Dorothy walks to the hall and picks up bills and ads that promise discounts and holidays abroad, Dorothy has never been out of England, never been on a plane. Her tired eyes examine the envelopes at arm’s length. There are no birthday cards to sigh over – Not even from her family! Returning to the familiar kitchen she slides a knife along her letters, slitting out the folded information. It’s better than nothing. Even if the electricity is red and overdue – At least, they keep in touch. No longer absorbed in her letter opening task Dorothy looks at the sunlight shining blindly on her glazed, brown teapot and then she pours some lukewarm tea. She sits and thinks about birthdays back then – Cakes and drinks, songs and celebrations and her precious beloved family members spending time with her on her special day. Back when. ‘Time flies,’ she says. She’s talking to herself most days – who else will listen? Up in the still shadowed parlour a clock chimes the hour and Dorothy rises tiredly and prepares to face the day. She stumbles into the living room and looks up to the mantelpiece. No birthday cards – Only a picture of her and her adorable grandchildren, Steven and Carol. Her eyes close. She becomes delirious with dreaming†¦ Carol skipping up the lawn with a small straw basket, picking up little daisies and carefully placing them in the basket. Steven, being 2 years old, filling the bird house with crunchy treats awaiting the magpies to glide in. Dorothy is stood under the apple tree, tip-toeing up and grabbing fresh, ripe apples for her relatives. Carol and Steven run over to Dorothy and wrap their arms tightly around her as if they were to never let go†¦ Dorothy smiles and wishes she could still feel their small hands around her waist, grabbing securely. She dresses and walks to the front door and checks the windows and the bolts and all’s secure. When the night time house creaks with its own age, Dorothy thinks of burglars and imagined violations and trembles in case they invade her. Dorothy swings open the front door and sees Carol and Steven stands there, smiling like sunlight. ‘Happy birthday Grandmother!’ No longer astonished, Dorothy smiles back and sighs because they aren’t really there. Her head sinks and she wonders back to living room. She notices the phone on the table. She slides over to it. Gently picks it up to check if the dial tone is there – she is reassured and drops it down. No phone calls. No phone messages. No birthday cards. She collapses into her tacky sofa. When she turns on the television the news assaults her soul. The world is littered with dead children and pain. The world has gone mad with cruelty and nobody seems to have noticed. It was different back in her day, when children could go out and play happily on the street without anybody worrying that someone would come abruptly attack them. Back when. She is startled by the sharp ringing of the phone. Her heart is pounding – could this be the phone call she has been waiting for all day? Is this her treasured family? She reaches over and clasps the phone. ‘Hello?’ she asks waiting urgently for answer. ‘Hello. My name is Abigail Taylor calling on behalf of†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ the woman replied. Dorothy slowly lowers the handset and replaces it back in the holder. She stands there paralysed. A tiny tear drop trickles down her wrinkly skin. She felt so much pain it was as if someone had stabbed her millions of times in the heart. What is the point of living if there is nobody who even knows you exist? The Grandfather clock strikes six in the evening. She strolls back to the photo of her with her grandchildren. Dorothy bursts out in tears – her eyes sore and red and waterfalls of tears flowing down her face. She picks up the photo and holds it against her broken heart. Dorothy still hopes to get that special phone call from her much-loved grandchildren. How to cite Waiting for the phone call, Papers

The Need for Information Security Management for Small to Medium Size Enterprises free essay sample

Defending Against Internet-Based Attacks8 Industrial Espionage and Business Intelligence Gathering9 Personnel Issues in Information Security9 Physical Security Issues in Information Security10 Cyber Forensic Incident Response10 Conclusion11 References11 Abstract Small to Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs) contribute greatly to the economy in many countries despite the many challenges that they face. Lesser budgeting, resource planning and time management are just some of the limitations that they might encounter. Comparing this to a larger enterprise or government body, SMEs seems to have different approaches with regards to information security, sometimes understating the importance due to the constraint mentioned. This paper aims to study the issues relating to introduction and implementation of info security regimes in SMEs compared to larger organisations. Introduction Small and medium enterprise are defined by the number of personnel working for the company, around the upper limit of 250 to the lower of 50. They usually lack resources, competencies and management to implement strategies externally and internally for their operations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Need for Information Security Management for Small to Medium Size Enterprises or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper will focus on the implementation of information security regimes of SMEs and provide a comparison to large enterprises. The paper explores the multiple categories of information security, attempt to list the disadvantages faced by SMEs and how sometime large enterprises are unable to match a SME in the capability to respond to security threats Justifying The Need for Sound Information Security in Any Organisation The internet age brought upon new challenges to the business world, both SMEs and large organisation are continuously investing substantial resources to secure their presence on the internet. With increasingly virtualized business networks and expanding corporate ecosystem, more information have been created or converted into digital format. Digitalized information can be saved in different storage devices and transmitted over a plethora of interconnected network both internally and externally (Radding, 2012). Understandably, crime and security threats to information are becoming more commonplace as the reliance on Internet in business activities increase . Threats such as hackers, business competitors or even foreign governments can employ a host of different methods to obtain information from any organisation (Symantec). Yet no effective business would totally isolate themselves from using digitalized info to prevent such incidents; competitiveness or success of these organisations is linked to right information delivered on time. At its worst erroneous info may result in serious loss of potential earnings and damage to the organisations brand(Juhani Anttila, 2005). A significant element of information security are the cost and personnel expertise required with the designing, development and implementation of an effective security system. There is a need for major investment to be invested to build and maintain reliable, trustworthy and responsive security system (Anderson, 2001). Since most SMEs tend to have to operate under tight budgeting, extreme limited manpower and many different needs competing for limited supply of resources, thus placing information security down the priorities list (Tawileh, Hilton, amp; Stephen, 2007). Additionally, the lack of awareness to the negative consequences of info security issues and threats and the perception of less strict regulatory compliance requirements, information and communications infrastructure within these SMEs remain highly unsecured. Despite that, most organisations do at least have some form of basic security in the form of anti-virus softwares. Other types of security software like firewall or authentication software/hardware are considerably less popular; perhaps due to the additional complexity of having to install and configure them for the organisation usage (ABS, 2003). Linking Business Objectives with Security Security can impact a companys profitability in both positive or negative ways. It fully depends on how it is being controlled, too little will not be enough while too much may cause bottlenecks within the company internal processes. One example would be background checks on possible new employees. At times, the duration of the check may take longer than the period of employment, especially when hiring temp staff to cover short term. In their book, Christian Byrnes and Paul E. Proctor argues that to eliminate the last 20% of risk that might occur would inversely required 80% more money to implement which can be seen in Figure 1. Figure 1 It is common practice in large organisations to organise computer security around technologies, with a dedicated department running the show alongside the IT department. However computer security should be more business oriented as it is easier to achieve the security targets if good business practices are being followed. For SMEs, it is also far easier to utilise xisting employees who specialize in specific business roles to take up security positions. In the same book, Christian Byrnes and Paul E. Proctor also provided a table which list down the common security roles and the ideal personnel to handle it: Table 1 Linking security with business visions is also important as it would allow for better persuasion to the top managements to approve or push through with security purchases, master plans or policy changes. To achi eve this, the motion put forth must undergo a 5 step structured framework assess, analyse, strategize, align and communicate. Assess the companys current and future security role so as to achieve a good understanding of the current security model. Details on the security capabilities within the employees, processes and current technologies should be documented properly for the next step to be carried out with more accuracy. After collecting the raw data, using analytical tools and method to conduct a security gap analysis will show the differences between the current security model and the preempted requirements. With a clear overview of what needs to be do, next phase planning can be done to piece together to form a viable and strong strategy. Executives and managers at all levels must understand the new steps that are to be undertaken for the new strategy. Such communications may be more effective in SMEs than larger organisations as the members of the security planning may be key personnel that are required to participate rather than a separate IT security team (PricewaterhouseCooper). Incident Response Management and Disaster Recovery Incident response management is the process of managing and responding to security incidents. As organisations may encounter plenty of incidents throughout the day, it is important that incident responses are carefully anaged to reduce wastage of manpower and resources. The most appropriate level of response should be assigned to on any security incident to maximize efficiency; there is no merit in involving senior management in a response to an incident that has minimal impact on business (BH Consulting, 2006) Disaster recovery is the process used to recover access to an organisations sof tware, data and hardware that are required to resume the performance of normal, critical business functions. Typically this will happen after either a natural disaster or manmade disaster. (Disaster Recovery) Incident response management used to be separated into different entities, natural disasters , security breaches and privacy breaches were handled by risk management, information security department and legal department. This increased the cost of incident management and reduce utilization of existing resources and capabilities. By merging the 3 into one overarching incident management methodology specified with an incident response team and a charter, reduced cost and efficient usage of resource can be achieved (Miora, 2010) In larger organizations, incident response team may contain both employees and third party observers from vendors. External vendors may provide the expertise to manage an incident that could be overwhelming to the current employees. This however may not be feasible for SMEs due the financial constraints. Most likely, the incident response management team would be formed using current employees and a senior management personnel would lead the team. The response team would be the ones who do the planning scenario for each different types of incident and the type of responses required, ensure that clear processes and procedures are in place so that responses to incident are coherent. Communications between members are typically standardized be it for large organisations or SMEs; method of contact such as emails and non-email like phone calls or messages are used to inform team members (BH Consulting, 2006). Disaster recovery extremely important as well, more so for SMEs. A survey from US Department of Labor provided an estimation that around 40% of business never reopen after a disaster and of the remaining around 25% will close down within 2 years (Zahorsky). Unfortunately, not many SMEs have a disaster recovery plan in place to protect themselves. This is due to the idea that disaster recovery is costly and requires alot of resources and expertise to put in place one. This is true to a certain extend as large organisations normally spend amounts to put in place backup servers and remote hot recovery sites. However with increasing cloud-based technologies and availability of server virtualization, disaster recovery can become affordable even for SMEs. Up and coming cloud solution and renting space in secure data center via colocation are some of the solutions that SMEs can consider. Even without any or little IT staff, by paying the colocation provider they can assist to manage the setup and maintenance services (Blackwell, 2010). Mobile Device Security Managment The increasing sophisticated mobile devices together with high bandwidth network is creating a tremendous security management challenge for CIOs and other IT professionals. Proprietary and confidential data can now be moved outside of the secure perimeter of the enterprise and onto mobile devices that can be brought anywhere in the world by employees. These devices have a variety of data communication and storage technologies, such as email/PIM synchronization software, infrared data transmission, Bluetooth ® and removable data storage. As a result, it is easy for mobile devices to become strongholds of enterprise information (Good Technology, 2009). Of course with that brings additional threats to an organisation as mobile devices are susceptible to attacks as well. In both SMEs and large organisations, there is a definite need to regulate the use of mobile devices to prevent information leakage. As they can used in a variety of locations outside the organization’s control, such as employees’ homes, coffee shops, hotels, and conferences, this makes them much more likely to be lost or stolen than other devices, so their data is at increased risk of compromise (Souppaya amp; Scarfone, 2012). The most extreme application of mobile device management can be see within government bodies, specifically in the defense sector where secondary functions of such devices such as cameras are to be disable. However, this method would not be easily applied to SMEs as employees may find it to be too restrictive. Rather, having a clear policy on the usage of mobile devices and prohibiting employees from attaching their devices to the workstations would be a better option to enforce. Biometric Security Devices and Their Use Biometric devices identifies an individual through physical or behavioral characteristics such as fingerprints, palm geometry or retina. It is extremely secure as it cannot be borrowed, stolen or forgotten (Liu amp; Silverman, 2001). The table below shows the various type of biometric devices and their advantages/disadvantages: The table, as seen in the report from Dell explains clearly some of the limitations of biometric devices. Size for example must be taken into consideration as well, hand geometry scanning devices are bulky and therefore not suited for say unlocking your workstation as compared to using it to unlock a door. However, not many organisations are adopting biometric as part of their security plan. Those that do use biometric are mostly geared towards physical security of secure areas where access are to be restricted. Conventional authentication methods are still much preferred with regards to virtual access like emails, workstations and applications. The higher cost of using biometric devices as a security solution is also another concern for SMEs that wishes to utilise them. They would need to evaluate their nature of business, how and where biometric would fit in to maximize value for money. Ultimately, aligning the need for biometric security devices as a security solution to business objectives is a must, else cheaper alternatives would have to be examine and evaluated instead. Ethical Issues in Information Security Management Some professions such as law and medicine have in place a codified set of ethics that its practitioners are required to honor to protect the privacy of their clients. Violations are dealt with in the harshest possible terms, and even minor lapses can result in significant penalties. For IT however, there are no such codification. Technology professionals generally abide by personal codes of conduct and are essentially self-policing. Additionally, technology raises complexities that go beyond typical questions of what’s right or what’s fair. Areas such as data access and capture, processing speed, tracking and monitoring, and job redesign are just a few examples of IT capabilities with ethical considerations. (Relkin, 2006) Both SMEs and large organisations have to be able to cope with ethical issues such as privacy of personal information, intellectual property and cyber crime. In an effort to safeguard company secrets, many employees can be exposed to electronic or other forms of surveillance. Email screenings and monitoring internet usages are just some of the methods that can be employed. There is a need to clearly define policies that involve such practices and the boundary must be draw and communicated to all employees so as to safeguard the organisation from breaching privacy laws and from being sued by employees. (Tiwary, 2011) Security Training and Education Security training and education is becoming increasing important for employees due to emergence of end-user computing as an critical component of information security. A typical end-user has access to most vital information that an organisation has in its possession. They have knowledge of how protection systems put in place to secure information work and a small amount of more ingenious users may even know how to circumvent those systems. Most users however lack the knowledge that is required to help protect the organisation information and it is in this area that they should be educated in order to make better decisions when facing with threats and vulnerabilities that can be discovered during the course of work. (Hight, 2005) Security Education, Training and Awareness program otherwise known as SETA is designed to set the security tone to the employees of an organisation. Making it part of a new employees orientation will ensure that all employees know and understand the reasons of the security policies that are in place at any organisation. Implementation of such a program can be done at any organisation, requiring only properly written security policies and outlining guidelines that have to be followed. A good security program ensures that end user mistakes can be reduced and that employees understand the consequences of their actions when using their work stations or insert unauthorised USB devices into them. Defending Against Internet-Based Attacks With an increasing reliant upon the internet, internet based attacks have been slowly increasing. Organsations that has a presence over the internet or utilizes web based technologies are more prone to such as attacks. Internet worms, viruses, malware and distributed denial of service are just some of the types of threats that could occur. Organisations should look to prevent such incidents from occurring by securing applications that are made available over the internet and securing organisation infrastructures exposed over the internet (Klein, 1999). To carry out an attack, the attacker must first obtain sufficient control over a target system. They would most likely do some reconnaissance on the target, performing a number of scans to looked for weaknesses. Areas like remote accessible network services in default OS configurations, sendmail, sshd, RPC and Windows file sharing are some of the services exploited. Ports that are unsecured, memory handling, targeting applications like web browsers and plug ins are also some of the methods that attackers can use. The web browsers in particular are seeing a rising trend of being targeted as browsers are extremely prone to having exploitable vulnerabilities. The internet distribution model also allows attackers to attack a users web browser without even directly connecting to the cilent; planting malicious coding at specific websites where the user normally visits will achieve the aim as well (Moshchuk, 2000). Prevention of such attacks are extremely important, firewall and anti viruses are just the tip of an iceberg when it comes to methods that can protect an organisations information. Many firewalls being sold today are considered application aware and can understand protocols and commands that are being used. This allows them to determine whether or not incoming traffic to any applications or network services are malicious or not. Properly configured application aware firewall would be able to prevent common attacks thru telnet, SSH, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, SIP and applications which can be vulnerable. Additionally Intrusion Detection systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention systems (IPS) can also be used against application or network based attacks. When paired together with an application aware firewall, some intrusion detection systems have the ability to thwart off attackers by talking directly to the firewall to block the source IP address. There are no right or wrong solutions to defending an organisations network, it all boils down to which products would be suited to the organisations needs. SMEs typically would use more of off the shelf type of applications and intrusion detection prevention system (IDP) would be a better fit for such applications. Off the shelves applications uses alot of common protocols such as FTP, HTTP etc that should adhere to RFC standards and IDP is configured to block malicious or traffic that does not comply with RFC standards automatically. For larger organisations, they tend to have third party or home grown applications which developers may or may not have complied with RFC standards, IDP solutions may not have much of an effect for them. Industrial Espionage and Business Intelligence Gathering Every organisation in the world will have collected some form of information regarding their competitors, through market scanning, industrial profiling or even direct hire of employees from their competitors. Such intelligence gathering are definitely part and parcel activities used for market research and benchmarking. However, there are uncertain boundaries separating competitive intelligence gathering and industrial espionage. The laws in place at times are unable to set such limits and it would seem reasonable to define industrial espionage as intelligence practices of questionable ethics instead (Crane, 2005). Be that as it may, industrial espionage is a very critical threat against SMEs. A succesfully SME breaking in saturated markets would have attained some form of breakthrough in order to stand out. Regardless of whether it is a formulae or business process, competitors would wish to obtain such knowledge in order to raise their own profiles. To safeguard their secrets, SMEs would have to ensure that their security system in place are adequate and their employees educated on the topic. SMEs have to identify that information that would critically harm the company and the value of such information to the company and its competitors. Access to such crown jewels must be controlled and employees must be educated on security awareness programs. Despite that, employees are still the strongest and weakest link. Humans tend to react better to carrots than sticks and most of the time competitors would aim for that. Hiring professionals to perform social engineering, blackmailing, lure of monetary gains are hard to prevent. (Podszywalow, 2011) Personnel Issues in Information Security Human related security issues are extremely problematic and complex in organizations. They involve all the individuals who make up the organization, from top-level managers to clerical staff. It is crucial that the top management recognize that for security management to ultimately succeed, not only the technical dimension must be taken into account, the human aspect of security must not be ignored as well. People issues within an organisation can have an impact on its ability to effectively manage security. Uncommitted and uninvolved senior managers; unqualified, untrained and careless employees; former disgruntled employees and organizational members’ resistance to change are just some of the potential issues ertaining to human resource that might occur. Hence, to achieve security effectiveness, these issues must be addressed as a whole (Goh, 2003) For SMEs, when hiring an new employee, the employment contract should expressly emphasize the employees duty to keep certain types of information confidential both during and after the employees tenure. The languag e and structure of the contract should be made clear so as to prevent any potential misunderstanding or any loopholes that can be exploited. The employee must sign the agreement before he or she begins to work. The contract can also be included with an employees personal file to keep track. Even when exiting, care must be taken to ensure that documents, records and other information concerning the company proprietary assets in the possession of the leaver must be surrendered and returned to the company. Conducting a exit interview will help to refresh the terms of employment agreement and trade secret law with the leaver. The employee should be acknowledge in writing that he or she is aware of the obligations and will not disclose any trade secrets of the former employer. Physical Security Issues in Information Security Physical security breaches can sometimes be more devastating than technical breaches like worm attacks. The loss of data, loss of availability either from systems being shut down or by bomb or arson must be considered when dealing with physical security. With the invention of easily concealable USB drives or bombs, coupled with unauthorized access is makes physical security becoming more important. Data transfer speeds have increased as when, allowing for transferring of a large amount of data in a relativity short period of time. As with any other security planning, physical security must be included to ensure that the risk of above mentioned are reduced. Access to areas such as server rooms or routers or where documents are kept and archived must be control, just locking the doors doesnt seems to be enough now. Access control cards, biometrics system can ensure that only authorised personnel be allowed in. Securing the personal computer of employees, especially if they are using laptop is equally important. Laptop locks and OS hardening to prevent unauthorized usage of USB devices are not allow (Giannoulis amp; Northcutt, 2007). Cyber Forensic Incident Response Computer forensics is the science of acquiring, retrieving, preserving, and presenting data that has been processed electronically and stored on computer media. When paired with incident response, their job becomes more challenging. They would have to find where a breach occurred, plug the hole, then proceed to get the affected server or servers back into service, and then if possible, gather evidence on the intruder for further action and analysis (Daniel amp; Daniel, 2009) SMEs unfortunately with their limited resources may have to compromise. instead of having a dedicated team to deal with incident response, they might consider getting current employees involved within IT such as server, networking or on site support engineers to carry out such a role. If they have extra budget however, it would work to their benefit if they send their resposne team for courses pertainning to cyber forensic. The additional knowledge will allow the response team to perform more effectively should a threat occur Conclusion Small and medium enterprises typically faces the same the type of threats that will happen to larger organisations, however their approach and response to the same threat may differ greatly due to the limited resources; human, technical, physical available to them. SMEs will have to sometimes think out of the box and be very careful in planning resources for security within the company. The type of hardware, software used for security may be similar to larger organisations however, the setup and configuration may be miles apart as well. SMEs, will have be extra vigilant against information security threats.

Cognitive Behavioral Approach

Introduction Mental health is quite important in defining the mental well being of a person. This is due to the fact that the mind and behavior are interconnected. Poor coordination or disconnection between the two renders a person in a state of abnormality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Behavioral Approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this context, reality implies what the society has conceived to be acceptable and those who deviate from such standards or do not agree are considered to be abnormal (Plomba, 2010). This approach is psychologically referred to as cognitive behavioral approach. This reflective essay discusses cognitive behavioral approach and how it might be incorporated in a counselor’s work, with reference to several authentic references. Cognitive Therapy From a general perspective, cognitive process encompasses a wide range of a person’s mental health and composi tion. These elements include but not limited to mental images, attitudes, ideas and beliefs. This is to say that cognitive therapy is founded on the argument that some health complications in a person’s life could be attributed to his or her way of thinking. Such health problems may include phobias and depression among others. In this line of thought, it suffices to mention that therapists are usually charged with the responsibility of explaining the mental patterns of clients for their better understanding (Plomba, 2010). This is usually important in analyzing the safety, truthfulness and overall nature of one’s thoughts, since thoughts have the potential of causing health problems or worsening a mild and manageable health issue. The main aim of this approach is to allow a person to change his or her way of thinking by avoiding related imaginations and thoughts. It can further augment the ability of a person to adopt more realistic and productive thoughts. From this a nalogy, I believe that thoughts play a significant role in defining a person’s overall health status, even though mental health is more profound. In essence, thoughts create a link between stimuli that are commonly evoked in the human body. In other words, stimuli trigger various thoughts, which could be as a result of personal judgment concerning an issue, which in turn generates emotions at any given moment (Counseling Directory, 2012). Similarly, it is worth noting that under cognitive therapy, an emotional response is always triggered by the stimulus and individual judgment and perception over the stimulus. In addition, there are two assumptions, which emphasize the use cognitive therapy. The first is when the client in question has the mental capability of recognizing personal thoughts and the need of changing them.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second assumption, w hich is equally important, is that the reality may be distorted or misrepresented especially in cases where there are stimuli being elicited. This interference usually affects the accuracy of the reality. For instance, what a person perceives with regard to a given experience and expected emotions may result into him or her being rejected during a job interview. Consequently, one may feel that the outcome of such an interview could have been influenced by his or her fundamental incompetence (Counseling Directory, 2012). This may result into depression and discouragement from making similar advances and applications in future. On the other hand, if an applicant feels that he did not go through the interview because of the existence of a strong competition, these feelings may breed disappointment that does not have elements of discouragement. This may persuade such a person to reapply for other related jobs. Essentially, cognitive therapy affirms that psychological disturbance is caus ed by imaginations that are distorted, leading to the existence of stressful emotions. This theory is based on cases of mental depression, when people experience uncontrollable negative thoughts, when responding to a stimulus, which is expected to arouse positive thoughts (Mulhauser, 2012). This affirms the fact that distressed emotions may alter one’s response and even future reactions towards similar events in life. For example, a student who is being requested to remain silent in class to minimize noise may feel that whatever he or she is doing in class is wrong and irrelevant. Similarly, the same client may doubt positive statements put across, honoring his name and decide not to perform better in future. Additionally, one may feel that he was in a pathetic state when it is mentioned to him that he has registered exceptional improvement. Such thoughts are likely to evoke negative feelings of hopelessness and diminished self-esteem in the long-run. This may result into sta bilizing or worsening of an individual’s depression status. In handling such clients, I highly advise councilors to beware of the impact of the behavior of the client towards mental recovery and mental stability (Mulhauser, 2012). Cognitive therapy focuses on the interplay between behavior, thoughts and individual’s emotions with regard to existing external stimuli. Moreover, past experiences may be important in analyzing these cases, which could be essential in lowering stress among clients.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Behavioral Approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Behavioral Therapy This has become a common tool for councilors dealing with clients, experiencing behavior change of any nature, including but not limited to anxiety disorders, addictions and phobias. In the understanding of how this therapy functions, it is worth noting that it capitalizes on the fact that behavior can be learnt by a person or altered based on existing circumstances (Gonzà ¡lez-Prendes Resko, 2011). Importantly, this approach principally assumes past and future events, which may have impact on a person’s behavior. In this line of thought, a councilor who adopts this approach puts into consideration the existing events alone. Several efforts have been made in understanding the concept of behavioral therapy. For instance, Ivan Pavlov is highly credited for his experiment that was carried out on dogs and their ability to change behavior depending of present events. In the research, it was found that the sound of a bell affected the behavior of dogs as they associated it with food (Dattilio Hanna, 2012). As a result, the dogs salivated even in the absence of food. Although this was the case, it was also noted that the intensity of the dogs salivating dropped remarkably as long as the bell sounded without the appearance of food. This observation denotes the relationship between conditioned response and conditioned stimulus, represented by salivating and the ringing of the bell respectively. Based on this approach, psychotherapists have always considered it when handling clients with phobias. It involves a gradual exposure of the client to the stimulus, which is responsible for the phobia. As a result, they are able to recondition the manner in which they respond towards the stimulus (Dattilio Hanna, 2012). On the other hand, B.F Skinner carried out a research whose main focus was on the relationship between reconditioning and rewards (Wright, 2004). The experiment allowed the automatic feeding of a rat with a dispenser, making it relate food to the noise made by the apparatus. Later on, a lever was raised after the rat had gotten used to the behavior. The purpose of the lever was to allow the food to be dispensed once the rat came into contact with it. Consequently, the rat regularly engaged the lever since it had gotten used to the noise. How the n can this technique be applied among human beings? I found out that the rat analogy can be used to help people who are faced with mental disorders in the society through the reinforcement of acceptable behavior or discouraging undesirable conduct among people (Wright, 2004).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Behavioral therapy is regarded as a very important tool in counseling since it aims at reversing harmful behavior to what is more acceptable in the society. It is vital to mention that there are several techniques, which are commonly applied when using behavioral therapy by psychologists (Sheldon, 2011). Nevertheless, a common approach is avoidance of situations that are likely to expose somebody to anxiety. As mentioned above, this is common in handling people who have phobias. Such avoidance may sometimes become too severe to affect a person’s daily life. Exposure therapy is commonly recommended in such cases where the avoidance is extreme. Under this, a person is introduced to more fearful scenarios gradually until they become familiar. During this period, the therapist is usually tasked with teaching the client how to manage anxiety and the ability to face situations, which are considered to be fearful (Corsini Wedding, 2011). A simple technique like breathing in has bee n found to work in some cases. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy From the analysis of the two therapies commonly applied in psychological counseling, I found out that human thoughts and behavior are crucial in describing the occurrence of anxiety. For example, cognitive therapy defines how our reactions are major contributing factors towards anxiety, while behavioral therapy denotes the behavior and reactions of a person when faced with circumstances, which are known to evoke anxiety (Sheldon, 2011). When the two therapies are combined to form a blend, the product is referred to as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, commonly abbreviated as CBT. According to research, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is one of most applied therapies by psychologists during counseling. Besides its wide-usage, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is regarded to be more effective as compared to other counseling tools used in handling disorders and phobias among countless conditions, which are related to one’s mental h ealth. Of importance is the fact that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy focuses on harmful patterns and disturbances, regarding the manner in which we perceive the world and ourselves in general. The basis of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is that our feelings are predominantly affected with our thoughts and not the events, which happen on a daily basis. Many psychologists agree that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy allows the application of a wider domain in helping anxious and distressed clients to attain normalcy in life (Sheldon, 2011). This combination is usually preferred because a person’s behavior reflects the mode of thinking towards situations or things in life. However, certain aspects of the two therapies in the mix may vary from one person to another depending on specific cases being handled. This is to say that a counselor ought to analyze the case first before making a final decision on either combining the two treatment options or adopting one of them. For instance, psyc hologists prefer using behavioral therapy when handling Obsessive Compulsive Disorder among clients. By combining cognitive and behavioral therapies, CBT usually aims at changing the thinking patterns of a person, which concern the cognitive part of the body and response to thoughts that determine behavior. Unlike other approaches used in handling mental cases, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy aims at the current situation, without bothering the cause of the existing issue (Sheldon, 2011). Additionally, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is known for its ability to break bulky problems into manageable portions that do not exert pressure on the client. This makes it easier for the client and the counselor to attain a point of consensus in finding a solution to an existing problem. In essence, these sections of the problem can be described as thoughts, actions and physical feelings. Importantly, each one of these elements has the ability to have impact on the other. For instance, a personâ€⠄¢s thoughts about something can have physical and emotional impact, which may ultimately alter his or her behavior (Corsini Wedding, 2011). Another factor to consider when analyzing the application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is that most people tend to learn irrelevant modes of thinking and behaving throughout their lives. Nevertheless, the most important thing is to recognize such thoughts and how they could be a source of trouble in defining one’s behavior and feelings (Sheldon, 2011). Essentially, this can come into play when an individual is willing to counteract negative ways of thinking, thus leading to acceptable and helpful behavioral changes and feelings. Unlike other therapies, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can be administered on a one-to-one basis, with close family members, friends or a special group of the society, depending on whether the client is comfortable with the presence of these groups of people. Ehlers and Clark Model Like in many other discipline s, several scholars have spent their time and resources in unraveling the truth behind Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Among these people are Ehlers and Clark, whose work has become instrumental in the understanding of several mental situations, which affect humanity (Corsini Wedding, 2011). Ehlers and Clark suggested several modes of approaching this issue, in their 2004 and 2000 findings respectively. Importantly, the suggestions aim at helping psychologists in handling cases of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD. The three therapy goals suggested by the two psychologists are: lower intrusions and situations, which would make one to re-experience traumatic memory, modification of negative appraisals and removal of behavioral and cognitive strategies that are considered to be dysfunctional. The following segments of this essay discuss some of the elements covered by the treatment model proposed by Ehlers and Clark, which could be used by councilors in handling clients who have men tal complications (Gonzà ¡lez-Prendes Resko, 2011). Detailed assessment interview The main purpose of this process is to allow the councilor to single out cognitive issues, which have to be dealt with during treatment. Under this, it is vital for the psychologist to identify worst aspects and most painful situations, with regard to the trauma, appreciate common emotions that are connected with the event and identify dysfunctional and problematic behavioral efforts of coping as demonstrated by the client. Rationale of treatment The most important aspect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which has to be emphasized by counselors, is the need to ensure that the client comprehends the logic behind the application of certain therapeutic approaches in handling a given situation. The rationale should therefore aim at explaining the nature of PTSD together with related symptoms. Secondly, the rationale has to show the client’s efforts in fighting the trauma. This may result into a sh ort-lived relief but can as well contribute to the management of symptoms, which may have been observed. For this to be achieved, it is equally important to confront unpleasant memories of the past. Suppression of thoughts This enables the client to appreciate the importance of preventing intrusive memories, by eliminating them from the conscious mind and increase their influence. As a result, the client is advised to adopt alternative methods and avoid pushing memories from the unconscious mind through acceptance. This should allow the client to make observations, which would allow it to come and go as if the patient was watching something else (Corsini Wedding, 2011). Education Ehlers and Clark affirmed that the role of information cannot be ignored in the understanding of how Cognitive Behavioral Therapy works. This information is important in helping the client to correct earlier assumptions towards the perceived physical impact of the trauma. Besides education, it is important for the psychologist to help the client in reclaiming his life. In this respect, the client is able to regain certain aspects of his or her life including leisure activities and pursuits (Gonzà ¡lez-Prendes Resko, 2011). The reclamation is important because most people take a different course of life when faced with traumatic situations in life. I consider it to be a very important element because it helps the affected person to remain unchanged from the time he or she was affected by the trauma. Instead, the client gets an opportunity to reconnect with the past through social contacts and activities. Additionally, cognitive behavioral approaches recovery of PTSD clients may involve the revisiting of the trauma. This strategy is essential because it helps the client to acknowledge the significance of the strategy in the treatment process. In this approach, the client gets an opportunity to revisit the traumatic incident by recounting in a more vivid and detailed manner. Through t his process, the client develops a detailed account of what might have happened in the past and also connecting with certain feelings, which could be related with it (Gonzà ¡lez-Prendes Resko, 2011). In-vivo exposure This revolves around re-examining major reminders of the trauma, which may have previously been ignored during earlier efforts of coping with the trauma. This may therefore include a series of events like exposure to the site, sounds, activities, smells and other major reminders of the trauma (Corsini Wedding, 2011). Consequently, I believe that the process is necessary during counseling since it allows one to draw a line between harmless reminders of what has happened and the actual danger of the trauma. As a result, the client is able to confront patterns of overgeneralization, which have influenced the client to ignore certain elements that are related to the exact trauma. Identification of triggers of intrusive memories This procedure allows the client to differe ntiate past events, which might have occurred at the actual time of the trauma and present stimuli. During this process, the client should have a closer look at the context within which such intrusions are likely to occur and the triggers that are commonly associated with them. After this, a comparison between past and present context of the triggers is discussed broadly to allow better discrimination of stimulus (Corsini Wedding, 2011). The last approach suggested by Ehlers and Clark is the imagery technique. In this context, imagery is used to clarify and change the perceived meaning of the trauma memory. In essence, imagery has the potential of assisting the client to tie loose ends and enable the person to reconnect with the realistic nature of trauma. Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For a counselor to effectively treat a patient using CBT, it is essential for him or her to understand the cause of the existing problem and its overall nature. This allows the selection of a mo re reliable strategy in finding the solution. Based on this, a professional psychologist is supposed to apply professional skills and knowledge in the formulation and evaluation of the issues, which surround a client’s conditions and establish a realistic treatment plan (Branch Wilson, 2010). It is therefore considered as primary modality in handling mentally disturbed people, together with other treatment strategies. As mentioned above, educational approach cannot be overlooked when finding the best treatment plan in helping a mentally disturbed person. This gives a practical and helpful sense of dealing with distressed clients. Many psychologists have adopted CBT as the most recommended approach when dealing with people who may have gone through such tough traumatic moments. Most clients are usually encouraged to embrace cognitive reorientation and change of behavior for effective and positive response towards the situation (Branch Wilson, 2010). Unlike other forms of ora l treatment, CBT focuses on behavior change and lessening the impact of observed symptoms. Additionally, practical counseling, characterized by information and coaching is paramount in ensuring that severe symptoms are relieved. In handling psychological cases, it is essential for the councilor to have a wider scope of solutions since some cases require one to think far beyond management of symptoms and behavior change. For instance, clients have to be assisted in overcoming feelings and behavior, which may arouse previous stressful moments. CBT not needed As much as cognitive behavioral therapy is highly credited for its role in managing psychological problems, there are issues, which are never handled effectively with this model of treatment. Such issues mainly present themselves in a manner that call for a solution that goes beyond addressing the existing symptoms. They may include complex disorders and higher order issues of development. In some cases, patients may fail to respo nd positively to CBT or may be put off by the entire technique (Whitfield Davidson, 2007). This may present a more complicated scenario where the counselor might be forced to consider alternative-stress management options. In this line of thought, it has also been found that clients may not agree with the fact that common psychological problems are caused by distorted emotions and irrational thoughts. Furthermore, others may have interest in discussing the issues with the counselor and not being taken through the CBT procedure. Existentialist /humanistic Therapies These theories were developed in mid 20th century. Some people refer to it as â€Å"third wave.† Humanist therapy is used to denote a certain class, which encompasses several therapies like client-centered therapy. It is generally based on a person’s hope and the capability of being self-determined. Like in other therapies applied by psychologists, humanistic counseling focuses on the present situation of a patient and the past, in order to find clarity of how history affects current events in a person’s life. Importantly, this approach does not allow judgmental conclusions, but rather uses open-ended questions, which are meant to allow the patient to have an inner examination of her thoughts and feelings. This method of counseling has been applauded for its ability to initiate self-awareness in people to allow them to move from a worse mental situation to that which is considered healthy. Despite its role in psychology, humanistic therapy was not chosen in this case because of its disadvantages, which are widely known. Firstly, this approach exposes counselors to the risk of contracting the problem if it is contagious. This is encouraged by the fact that the method allows closeness between patients and psychologists. Additionally, this therapy does not have empirical evidence, which is essential in treatment of patients. It can therefore promote narcissistic occurrences. Data c an also be used to understand trends manifested by the mental problem (Corsini Wedding, 2011). As a result of these challenges, Cognitive Behavioral therapy was chosen. Conclusion From this reflective analysis, it is evident that CBT plays a major role in helping people with emotional distortions and irrational thoughts about the world and themselves. However, for its effectiveness, there has to be communication between the counselor and the client in order to facilitate effective recovery. Through this communication, the client is allowed to appreciate the approach and techniques applied in attaining a healthy mental status. References Branch, R., Wilson, R. (2010). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Dummies. United Kingdom: Taylor Francis. Corsini, R. J., Wedding, D. (2011). Current psychotherapies. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. Counseling Directory. (2012). Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies. Counseling Directory. Web. Dattilio, F. M., Hanna, M. A. (2012). Collaboration in Cogniti ve-Behavioral Therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68 (2), 146-158. Gonzà ¡lez-Prendes, A., Resko, S. (2011). Cognitive-Behavioral Theory. Sage. Web. Mulhauser, G. (2012). An Introduction to Cognitive Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Approaches. Counseling Resource. Web. Plomba. (2010). Cognitive behavior approach to psychopathology. Slideshare. Web. Sheldon, B. (2011). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. United Kingdom: Taylor Francis. Whitfield, G., Davidson, A. (2007). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Explained. United Kingdom: Radcliffe Publishing. Wright, J. (2004). Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. New York: American Psychiatric Pub. This essay on Cognitive Behavioral Approach was written and submitted by user Zeke Beasley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Stars and Stripes Forever †Theology Essay

Stars and Stripes Forever – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers Stars and Stripes Forever Theology Essay Someone once said, â€Å"Everybody loves a parade.† As a boy, I remember the crowds of people lining both sides of the street in the tiny town of Herrick, Illinois for the annual Fourth of July parade. I miss that parade of people. It was a virtual kaleidoscope of Americana. Regardless of the diversity of people, when the American flag passed by carried proudly by the color guard, we all stood in gratitude for the freedom we hold so dearly and saluted those who paid freedom’s price. What would Independence Day be without the traditional fireworks displays lighting up the night skies across America with dazzling colors and patterns. I love to watch those amazing pyrotechnics accompanied by John Phillip Sousa’s â€Å"The Stars and Stripes Forever†. The grand finale is the red, white, and blue American flag exploding into the night sky. As I watch, I remember the great heritage left me by forbearers such as John Adams. I think of my wife’s ancestors, some of the first Swedish immigrants to settle in the Dakota Territory. I think of my Pakistani oncologist who came to America to live in freedom as a Christian. I think of others in our community who can freely practice their religion, if they desire. I think of the Hispanics and the Asians who have come to America seeking opportunities to live a better life. I pray that the Stars and Stripes will wave forever over America. Our nation’s founding fathers knew how to count the cost of liberty. They considered our freedom much more important than the security they enjoyed and they pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor. They paid the price to win our freedom. Someone has said, â€Å"To be born free is a privilege. To die free is an awesome responsibility. Yet freedom is never free. It is always purchased at great cost.† John Quincy Adams warned us, â€Å"Posterity – you will never know how much it has cost my generation to preserve your freedom. I hope you will make good use of it.† In 1776 Thomas Payne gave us this insight, â€Å"What we obtain too cheaply, we esteem too lightly; it is dearness only that gives everything its value. Heaven knows how to put a price on its goods and it would be strange indeed if so celestial an article as freedom should not be highly rated.† How can America continue to be a great nation? She must trust in God. Our American system is really the political expression of Christian ideas. It is a nation founded upon the rock of religion and rooted in the love of man. In 1851 Daniel Webster was reviewing the history of â€Å"this great American family†, he reaffirmed the need and role of God in government, â€Å"Let the religious element in man’s nature be neglected, let him be influenced by no higher motives than low self-interest and be subjected to no stronger restraint than the limits of civil authority and he becomes the creature of selfish passion or blind fanaticism. On the other hand, the cultivation of the religious sentiment represses licensiontiousness . . . inspires respect for law and order and gives strength to the whole social fabric at the same time that it conducts the human soul upward to the Author of its being.† Charles Malik, at one time the Ambassador to the United Nations from Lebanon, put it this way, â€Å"The good in the United States would never have come into being without the blessing and the power of Jesus Christ . . . I know how embarrassing this matter is to politicians, bureaucrats, businessmen, and cynics; but, whatever these honored men think, the irrefutable truth is that the soul of America is at its best and highest Christian.† The concluding words of our National Anthem summarize the fact that the United States of America was born out of a commitment to God and His principles found in the Bible. â€Å"Blessed with victory and peace, may this Heaven-rescued land Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation! Then conquer we must, when our case if just; And this be our motto: ‘In God is our trust!’ And the Star Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave.† Jesus Christ died – and rose – to make men free – all men, all nations. Through Christ, we are freed from the wages of sin. â€Å"For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.† Through Christ, you can be internally and eternally free. â€Å"For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believes in Him, shall not perish but have everlasting life† (John 3:16). Research Papers on Stars and Stripes Forever - Theology Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationWhere Wild and West MeetDefinition of Export QuotasHip-Hop is ArtTwilight of the UAWCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Masque of the Red Death Room meanings

Middle aged women and their health (this is for a womens health class) Annotated Bibliography

Middle aged women and their health (this is for a womens health class) - Annotated Bibliography Example This was changed to have a focus on what could be accomplished in everyday life at a moderate level. This article, researching physical activity, was conducted using questionnaires and interviews. There were 2, 341 participants. This study was not considered experimental since it did not require the use of a control group. Since this study was based on self-reporting from the participants, there is always the concern of the accuracy of the results. I would suggest repeating the study using a smaller number of participants and conducting it in a supervised setting. One thought would be to have the participants video themselves while cleaning to monitor the time spent, the level of activity and the number of days a week. The fact that the results were totally based on statements from the participants automatically leads to questions of accuracy. This article focused on bone density. The authors conducted research to determine if long term estrogen use has an effect on bone density. The research showed that it takes at least seven years of estrogen use after menopause in order to make a positive impact on bone density levels. It is questionable whether or not estrogen has any effect on women 75 years old and older. This research project had two distinct groups of participants; those taking estrogen and those who did not. This study could be considered experimental in that there was a control group and the results were compared between the two groups. The only component that is dependent upon the participants is the actual taking of the estrogen. This, however, can be verified through medical testing. The results were determined through the medical testing of bone density, so I consider the results of this research more valid that the previous study. An important factor about this study is the length of time that a women must take the estrogen in order for it to be effective in

Do I know that I have a Hand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Do I know that I have a Hand - Essay Example For the case of the dream doubt, we are prone to doubt our dreams, why? Because dreams are an assumption of what the reality would be to us rather than a certainty of what it really is. For instance, one uses his/her hands to grab something in real life and dream; therefore, it is hard to tell when we are imagining and we are not.REM is the stage where dreams occur and in eight hours of sleep there is about three cycle of REM stage. The first is close to 15 minutes then the rest are 40 to 60 minutes long. Because we are not dreaming for few minutes like we remember when we wake up from a dream, we cannot really prove if we woke up from a real life and continuing to dream or woke up from a dream and continuing the real life. If hands were unmovable items, it would be harder to believe they are not real. That is why when we wake up we find that in was just a brief assumption and not a reality. We need to discover that we cannot know something at the same period and doubt it. One comes first. We need to doubt to believe. That is why when we dream we are using our hand we are believing in a different perspective as opposed to waking up from our dream to find out that reality is far much bigger that the dream, thus we seek to doubt the dream. Thus the dream and reality all refer to the uncertain and certain analytical point of view. â€Å"They are on the one hand experiences of the ordinary, healthy mind, experiences with which no one could plausibly deny an acquaintance, and yet, on the other hand, they are comparable, in their extravagance and deceptiveness, to the delusions of insanity the narrator has just been considering.† †¦ I see plainly that there are never any sure signs by means of which being awake can be distinguished from being asleep. The result is that I begin to feel dazed, and this very feeling only reinforces the notion that I may be asleep. If someone without hands can dream that they have